I don’t know if sorcerers have arch-enemies exactly but in the Marvel universe Baron Mordo is definitely the anti-Dr. Strange. They were rivals for title of Sorcerer Supreme and since Mordo lost out he gets to be the ‘evil’ one. And while the cinematic version seems a bit more sympathetic than his comic counterpart, you can’t go around crippling people and not be considered the bad guy.
References: [wikipedia.org: Baron Mordo]
[marvel.fandom.com: Karl Mordo]
[Dr. Strange in the Multiverse of Madness] [2022] [skilled hand to hand combatant; ]